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Yeast adaptation and survival under acute exposure to lethal ethanol stress
The ability to respond to stress is universal in all domains of life. Failure to properly execute the stress response compromises the fitness of the organism. Several key stress pathways are conserved from unicellular organisms to higher eukaryotes, so knowledge of how these pathways operate in model organisms is crucial for understanding stress-related diseases and aging in humans. The mechanisms of stress tolerance have been well-studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast respond to diverse stresses by initiating both general and stress-specific responses that generally protect the cells during and after the stress exposure. While previous work has revealed mechanistic insights on adaptation and survival under mild and long-term exposure to stress, how they cope with acute exposure to lethal stress is not well understood.
Here, we combined transcriptional profiling, fitness profiling, and laboratory evolution to investigate how S. cerevisiae survive acute exposure to lethal ethanol stress. By using high throughput methods such as RNA-seq and barcode sequencing of the pooled yeast deletion library, we were able to discover and characterize both existing and novel pathways that yeast utilize to adapt to and survive ethanol stress. We found both ethanol-specific and as well general stress response mechanisms. We were also able to evolve a strain of ethanol under lethal ethanol stress to exhibit a survival of at least an order of magnitude greater than the parental wild-type strain. Additionally, this evolved strain exhibited cross protection to other stresses without compromising bulk growth rate. We found that this strain adapted its global expression levels to a post-stress state, making it more robust to various stresses even under optimal growth conditions
Solving a class of zero-sum stopping game with regime switching
This paper studies a class of zero-sum stopping game in a regime switching
model. A verification theorem as a sufficient criterion for Nash equilibriums
is established based on a set of variational inequalities (VIs). Under an
appropriate regularity condition for solutions to the VIs, a suitable system of
algebraic equations is derived via the so-called smooth-fit principle. Explicit
Nash equilibrium stopping rules of threshold-type for the two players and the
corresponding value function of the game in closed form are obtained. Numerical
experiments are reported to demonstrate the dependence of the threshold levels
on various model parameters. A reduction to the case with no regime switching
is also presented as a comparison
Motion Planning for Mobile Robots
This chapter introduces two kinds of motion path planning algorithms for mobile robots or unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). First, we present an approach of trajectory planning for UGV or mobile robot under the existence of moving obstacles by using improved artificial potential field method. Then, we propose an I-RRT* algorithm for motion planning, which combines the environment with obstacle constraints, vehicle constraints, and kinematic constraints. All the simulation results and the experiments show that two kinds of algorithm are effective for practical use
An exact solution of spherical mean-field plus orbit-dependent non-separable pairing model with two non-degenerate j-orbits
An exact solution of nuclear spherical mean-field plus orbit-dependent
non-separable pairing model with two non-degenerate j-orbits is presented. The
extended one-variable Heine-Stieltjes polynomials associated to the Bethe
ansatz equations of the solution are determined, of which the sets of the zeros
give the solution of the model, and can be determined relatively easily. A
comparison of the solution to that of the standard pairing interaction with
constant interaction strength among pairs in any orbit is made. It is shown
that the overlaps of eigenstates of the model with those of the standard
pairing model are always large, especially for the ground and the first excited
state. However, the quantum phase crossover in the non-separable pairing model
cannot be accounted for by the standard pairing interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, LaTe
Are you in a Masquerade? Exploring the Behavior and Impact of Large Language Model Driven Social Bots in Online Social Networks
As the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) emerge, they not only
assist in accomplishing traditional tasks within more efficient paradigms but
also stimulate the evolution of social bots. Researchers have begun exploring
the implementation of LLMs as the driving core of social bots, enabling more
efficient and user-friendly completion of tasks like profile completion, social
behavior decision-making, and social content generation. However, there is
currently a lack of systematic research on the behavioral characteristics of
LLMs-driven social bots and their impact on social networks. We have curated
data from Chirper, a Twitter-like social network populated by LLMs-driven
social bots and embarked on an exploratory study. Our findings indicate that:
(1) LLMs-driven social bots possess enhanced individual-level camouflage while
exhibiting certain collective characteristics; (2) these bots have the ability
to exert influence on online communities through toxic behaviors; (3) existing
detection methods are applicable to the activity environment of LLMs-driven
social bots but may be subject to certain limitations in effectiveness.
Moreover, we have organized the data collected in our study into the
Masquerade-23 dataset, which we have publicly released, thus addressing the
data void in the subfield of LLMs-driven social bots behavior datasets. Our
research outcomes provide primary insights for the research and governance of
LLMs-driven social bots within the research community.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Design-Based Causal Inference with Missing Outcomes: Missingness Mechanisms, Imputation-Assisted Randomization Tests, and Covariate Adjustment
Design-based causal inference is one of the most widely used frameworks for
testing causal null hypotheses or inferring about causal parameters from
experimental or observational data. The most significant merit of design-based
causal inference is that its statistical validity only comes from the study
design (e.g., randomization design) and does not require assuming any
outcome-generating distributions or models. Although immune to model
misspecification, design-based causal inference can still suffer from other
data challenges, among which missingness in outcomes is a significant one.
However, compared with model-based causal inference, outcome missingness in
design-based causal inference is much less studied, largely due to the
challenge that design-based causal inference does not assume any outcome
distributions/models and, therefore, cannot directly adopt any existing
model-based approaches for missing data. To fill this gap, we systematically
study the missing outcomes problem in design-based causal inference. First, we
use the potential outcomes framework to clarify the minimal assumption
(concerning the outcome missingness mechanism) needed for conducting
finite-population-exact randomization tests for the null effect (i.e., Fisher's
sharp null) and that needed for constructing finite-population-exact confidence
sets with missing outcomes. Second, we propose a general framework called
``imputation and re-imputation" for conducting finite-population-exact
randomization tests in design-based causal studies with missing outcomes. Our
framework can incorporate any existing outcome imputation algorithms and
meanwhile guarantee finite-population-exact type-I error rate control. Third,
we extend our framework to conduct covariate adjustment in an exact
randomization test with missing outcomes and to construct
finite-population-exact confidence sets with missing outcomes
Tracing the Shadows of Gothic Bach: An Overview of J.S. Bach’s Keyboard Music in American Horror Films
The Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565, and the Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, have been by far the most prominent of J.S. Bach’s works to evoke evil and horror on screen. This “Horror Bach” association remains exclusively a subculture phenomenon in pop culture (almost universally outside of the classical music world). A historical overview of this cultural phenomenon suggests three factors that made these pieces become horror film music: 1) the popularity of the pieces, 2) the choice of instrumentation, and 3) popular cultural factors. This doctoral document also introduces this pop culture phenomenon of Bach to classical keyboardists, providing them with the information necessary to create “Horror-Bach” concert programs
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